Citing online journal articles
Bible
(1 Cor. 13:1, Revised Standard Version)
Only list the version in your first Bible reference, unless you switch versions. Don't include the Bible in your References List.
(Publication Manual of the APA 3.100)
Personal interview, email or conversation
(T.K. Lutes, personal communication, April 18, 2006)
Personal communications are not included in the References List
(Hacker 37a)
Lecture, speech or sermon
If there is something people could refer to (recording, powerpoint, notes, etc.) use the following citation. If not, use the personal communication example above.
Hybels, B. (2008, March). "Read, relate, pray." Sermon presented at Willow Creek Community Church, South Barrington, IL.
(Publication Manual of the APA 4.16 #53 - example of poster session)
Unpublished paper or handout
Simala, J. P. (2009, January). How to do APA citation for REACH. Handout given in the IDS 105R class at Trinity International University, Deerfield, IL.
(Publication Manual of the APA 4.16 #52 - unpublished paper presented at a meeting)
Text cites another author (secondary source)
In the text, name the original author and give a citation for the source where you read it.
Example: According to Plato (as cited in Benson, 2006, p. 33)
List the source you read in your reference list.
(Publication Manual of the APA 4.16 #22)
Unknown author
Begin with the title of the item in the reference list:
Everday life and cultural theory. (2001). New York: Routledge.
In the text of the paper, include the first word or two of the title: ("Everyday life," 2001, p. 83).
(Hacker, 37a)
Multiple publication locations
If there is more than one publication city for a book, list the first one. If it is not a well-known city or if it could be confused with another place, give an abbreviation for the state: Oxford, MA.
(Publication Manual of the APA 4.03)
Shortening publisher names
Give the name of the publisher in as brief a form as is intelligble. Leave out terms such as Publishers, Co. or Inc. but keep Books and Press.
(Publication Manual of the APA 4.14)
Multiple publication dates
If there is more than one publication year for a book, list the most recent date with the copyright symbol ©.
(Publication Manual of the APA 4.09)No date
Use the abbreviation n.d.:
Highmore, B. (n.d.). Everyday life and cultural theory. New York: Routledge.
(Hacker 37a)
Article or chapter in an edited book
Meskell, L. (2001). Archaeologies of identity. In I. Hodder (Ed.) Archaeological theory today (pp. 187-213). Cambridge, England: Polity Press.
(Hacker 37b)
Entry in a reference book
Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The new encyclopedia britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501-508). Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica.
(Publication Manual of the APA 4.16 #30)
No volume or issue number
Include the month or season with the year:
Scruton, R. (1996, Summer). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 5-13.
Newspaper article
Lohr, S. (2004, December 3). Health care technology is a promise unfinanced. The New York Times, p. C5.
(Hacker 37b)
No page numbers
If the paragraphs are numbered, include the paragraph: (Hall, 2001, para. 5).
If not, include the heading of the section and the paragraph within that section: (Hoppin & Taveras, 2004, Weight-Loss Drugs section, para. 6).
(Hacker 37a)
Online book
Seton, E. T. (1911). The Arctic prairies: A canoe-journey of 2,000 miles in search of the caribou. New York: C. Scribner's Sons. Retrieved March 20, 2008, from Google Books: http://www.google.com/books?id=oyw6jc6kNgYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=arctic+prairies&ei=Z43iR5HeJ4qMiQGxjOHVBA
Two or more works in an in-text citation
If you want to cite more than one source in the same place in your paper, include them in the same parentheses and separate them with a semicolon.
Example: Several studies (Balda, 1980, p. 31; Smith, 2003, p. 91; Pepperberg & Funk, 1990, p. 110)
(Hacker 37a)
Trinity College Catalog
Trinity International University. (2008). Trinity College 2008-09 catalog. Deerfield, IL. Retrieved from http://www.tiu.edu/files/college/academics/tc0809catalog.pdf
In-text citation: (Trinity International University, 2008, p.1)
Table, chart or graph
Include a note at the bottom of the table.
For a table from a journal article:
Note. From "Title of Article," by A. N. Author and C. O. Author, 2000, Title of Journal, 50, p. 22.
For a table from a book:
Note. From Title of Book (p. 103), by A. N. Author and C. O. Author, 1999, Place of Publication: Publisher.
Government documents and other reports
See the Hacker style manual or the APA citation site from Purdue
More help on APA:
Hacker, D. (2004). A pocket style manual (4th ed.). Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's.
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2001, 5th ed.). Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
Citation Machine - creates citations for you. (It is not always accurate, so check to make sure they are correct.)
Questions? Contact Rebecca Miller at rmiller@tiu.edu or (847)317-4013.
